INTRODUCTION

MAIN OBJECTIVE

OPTIMIZING ROUTINE

RATIONALIZING ROUTINE

UPGRADING ROUTINE


RUNNING THE PROGRAM

OTHER FEATURES

ROLL UTILIZATION CHECKS

GAUGE CHARTS

VIEW/STORE SCHEDULES

ONLINE OPERATION

NETWORK OPERATION

MMS EXPERIENCE LIST
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Sendzimir Mill Management Systems

Introduction

The Mill Management System (MMS) is a set of computer programs which is designed for use by the operator of a reversing type rolling mill, using a computer located at the operator's desk, or nearby.

The main program of the set utilizes a mathematical model of the rolling process to generate optimum pass schedules for the mill, and to set up the mill accordingly.

Any suitable computer using IBM PC-DOS or MS-DOS operating system can be used, although, for the mill environment we recommend a "ruggedized" machine such as the IBM Industrial PC.  Versions of the software are available for operation under   DOS, Windows 95 or NT environments.  Almost all new installations are Windows based solutions. 

A printer can be used to record the results of the computation, if desired.

Since the program incorporates mill variables (such as Mill Power, Winder Tension, Mill Speed) which only apply to one particular rolling mill, it cannot be transferred to another rolling mill in your plant. We can also supply additional programs for other mills in your plant. Programs are available to work in inch units or metric units.

Versions of the software are available for Sendzimir 20-High mills, and also for 6-high, 4-high and 2-high cold rolling mills.

We want you to be happy with the software, and, included in our price is a service to make a reasonable number of modifications and refinements during the first year of use, in order to tailor the program to your liking.

Speed of Computation - Multiple pass schedules are optimized and displayed within one second normally.

The MMS is covered by US Patent no. 4,745,556 and corresponding patents in other countries.

Main Pass Schedule Objective

  1. To enable maximum reductions and rolling speeds to be utilized at all times, thus maximizing production rates.
  2. To achieve more consistent production rates from shift to shift, by running the same optimized schedules on every shift.
  3. To give new mill operators continuing instruction in setting up the mill - such as determining effective pass reductions, strip tension and speed settings.
  4. To take the guesswork out of the selection of intermediate gauges.
  5. To balance the Roll Separating Force from pass to pass, in order to achieve more consistent flatness, and minimize the requirement for changes in mill profile settings from pass to pass.
  6. To re-schedule the remaining passes to give maximum pass reductions, and balanced Roll Separating Force from pass to pass if the actual schedule deviates from the planned pass schedule for any reason, and at any point,
  7. To achieve all of the above regardless of what material is rolled, and regardless of width, starting gauge and final gauge or combinations thereof.  Since the number of possible combinations of these factors is infinite, it is not possible to store schedules for all cases. Therefore, a computer located at the mill is the logical method to adopt, and the Mill Management Software enables the computer to achieve the objectives.
  8. To provide automatic setting of thickness gauges and mill speed and tension settings, and to provide for operator trim of any settings, with automatic re-scheduling of remaining passes required as a result of operator changes (on mills equipped with interfaces from mill management computer to AGC or thickness gauges and mill drive control systems).
  9. To provide a system for storing actual gauge data for each coil rolled, for subsequent analysis by QC Department, and for generation of coil reports for customers, and to provide a system for storing values of other rolling variables for use in troubleshooting and in refining the working of the system.
  10. To provide a system which can interface to plant-wide (level 2 or level 3) computer systems for automatic transfer of data back and forth.
  11. To provide a system enabling entry of data for coils on a remote computer, minimizing the time required by the operator for setting up the mill.
  12. The program, unlike pre-programmed pass schedules, can be used to set up the mill automatically, regardless of whether the same starting/finish gauge/width/material combination has previously been rolled on the mill.
  13. The program is designed to take the maximum reduction on every pass, consistent with available mill power or Roll Separating Force, and with avoidance of roll skidding and consistent with good flatness and the desired strip surface finish.

The program has three main routines summarized below:

The Optimizing Routine

The optimizing phase establishes the minimum number of passes needed by the mill to achieve the desired final gauge. A complete optimized pass schedule is computed, where maximum reductions are taken on every pass except the last. The last pass is merely a "fill-in" pass which gets the gauge down to the final gauge from the last optimized pass.

  Pass Entry Gauge Exit Gauge % Red.

For example, rolling from 0.050" down, supposing optimized reductions in a given case were given as follows:

1st

0.050"

0.037"

26%

2nd

0.037"

0.030"

19%

3rd

0.030"

0.025"

17%

4th

0.025"

0.020"

20%

 

 

Pass Entry Gauge Exit Gauge % Red.

Then, if a particular coil is to be rolled to 0.024", the schedule produced by the optimizing phase would be:

1st

0.050"

0.037"

26%

2nd

0.037"

0.030"

19%

3rd

0.030"

0.025"

17%

4th

0.025"

0.024"

4%

The (iterating) optimizing routine compares Roll Separating Force with the rated Roll Separating Force for the mill, and adjusts the pass reduction to achieve rated Roll Separating Force (using the Roll Pass Schedule routine for each iteration). It then compares the mill power with the rated mill power and adjusts the pass reduction or the rolling speed to use up all the mill power, while not exceeding the rated Roll Separating Force.

This routine also limits the pass reduction as required to avoid skidding or chatter, and to keep the reduction within limits imposed by the Production Department (usually determined by considerations for strip flatness or surface qualities).

The Rationalizing Routine

To obtain a balanced rational pass reduction schedule, which is necessary in a practical rolling situation, the program repeats the last four passes of the above optimized phase, but with pass reductions adjusted to equalize (substantially) the Roll Separating Force on these passes. This not only helps to produce a flat product, but will also result in a slight increase in rate of production.

 
Pass
Entry Gauge
Exit Gauge
% Red.
Using the above example, the rationalized schedule might be something like:

1st

0.050"

0.040"

20%

2nd

0.040"

0.033"

18%

3rd

0.033"

0.028"

15%

4th

0.028"

0.024"

14%

The rationalizing phase thus establishes a new schedule using the same minimum number of passes established in the optimizing phase, but with the last four passes balanced for Roll Separating Force.

The Upgrading Routine

After any pass has been taken on the rolling mill, if, for any reason, the operator does not achieve the exit gauge specified by the computer, and achieves either a greater or lesser gauge, the computer generates a new optimized schedule for the remaining passes, by running the optimizing and rationalizing phases again when the pass is advanced.

In the above example, suppose the operator achieved a gauge of 0.043" after the first pass instead of 0.040". After the value 0.043" is typed into the computer, the program might give a new rationalized schedule:
Pass
Entry Gauge
Exit Gauge
% Red.

2nd

0.043"

0.035"

19%

3rd

0.035"

0.029"

17%

4th

0.029"

0.024"

17%

 

Similarly, after the second pass, if the operator has not achieved the expected 0.035", and types in a value of, for instance, 0.036", the computer might give a new rationalized schedule:
Pass
Entry Gauge
Exit Gauge
% Red.

3rd

0.036"

0.0288"

20%

4th

0.0288"

0.024"

17%

The upgrading routine is of vital importance in any mill management program, since there are valid reasons why the computed schedule cannot be achieved in some instances. Possible reasons are:

  • Excessive gauge variation in incoming coil necessitates light first pass reduction.
  • The material grade is different from specified grade.
  • The material is not fully annealed.
  • The incorrect tapers or crowns are being used in the mill.
  • The incoming strip has a poor profile which requires a modified rolling practice to achieve flat product
  • Other Considerations

Running the Program

All the programs can be selected from the menu (DOS system) or the application can be started automatically when the computer is switched on (Windows systems).

In DOS systems, selection of pass schedule program will bring up a data entry screen. After the data is edited, the pass schedule is computed and displayed.

In Windows systems, a list of available coils is presented. Selection of the next coil from this list causes the pass schedule for the next coil to be computed when the current coil is completed.

If the exit gauge is altered by the operator at any time during the pass, then, when the pass is advanced (by changing the mill direction), the computer prepares and displays a new rationalized schedule from that point on, highlights the next pass and sends the new exit gauge value for the pass to the exit thickness gauge, and the new tensions and speed to the drive system.

If the exit gauge is not altered during the pass, re-scheduling is not required, and the computer simply highlights the next pass and sends the new gauge and tension values as before.

On the final pass, it is still possible for the operator to change the target gauge. This may be required, for example, when the strip thickness on the final pass is being checked and it is found that there is a gauge calibration error. In this case the target gauge can be offset to eliminate the error.

Note that the operator never has to guess intermediate gauges - they are always given by the computer to ensure maximum reductions the mill is capable of, together with balanced reductions on the last several passes.

The computer will generate a gauge deviation chart on the screen, so the operator and management have an immediate visual picture of the gauge performance during rolling. This is usually done on all passes. The computer stores all the gauge data on the final pass (usually 1 value per ft. or 1 value per meter of strip) for subsequent analysis and printing of coil reports.

The operator can select gauge chart screen or schedule screen at any time (function key selection).

If desired, the incoming gauge data for the first pass can be displayed and stored, enabling reports on the quality of the incoming coil to be generated.

Other Features of the Mill Pass Schedule Program

  •  COIL DATA file - This file is provided with data on the coil currently being rolled. The operator can enter the data for each coil by responding to the computer's prompts. This can also be done during rolling of a previous coil (saves time). It is also possible to download the data from a network, or to load the data for several coils at a time by floppy disk, in order to save time.
  • MATERIAL DATA file - This file is provided with data for each grade of material to be rolled by the mill. It contains data for all materials rolled on the mill. A program is provided for editing this file, so that materials can be added to the list and data modified for any material.
  • MODOP file - This file contains the operating parameters for the MMS program. The file is provided to enable the user (supervisory personnel only) to modify the parameters. The following parameters can be modified in order to tune the performance of the MMS (i.e.. make schedules more aggressive or less aggressive, increase or decrease tension levels, etc.):

Roll Separating Force
Mill Torque
Maximum Percent Reduction
Maximum Draft
Entry & Exit Tension Rules
Maximum Tension Level
Maximum Tension Stress, etc.

It is also possible to adjust some of these parameters on a material by material basis by modifying the data in the MATERIAL DATA file. Reduction modifiers are also included in this file as well as speed guidelines and the constrained yield strength values, for each material to be rolled.

  • Roll Bite Friction Coefficient/Rolling Speed Relationship - The curve of this relationship, whether for soluble oil or mineral oil lubrication, is built in to the program.
  • Automatic Tension Calculator Routine - This routine calculates tensions to be used on each pass. In principle, maximum tension (entry and exit side) is used for rolling of each material, within the limits imposed by maximum coiler tension and the allowable tension stress for the material being rolled. Entry tension may be reduced at heavy gauges to increase the forward slip and give safer rolling.
  • Viewing lateral adjustment or crown indication settings
  • Accessing databases for selection of coil data or coil reports.

Roll Utilization Checks

On Sendzimir ZR mills this program remembers roll and bearing sizes currently in the mill, gives operator allowable roll size ranges, checks that current roll sizes are safe, and gives operator correct side eccentric and lower screwdown settings.

On Z-High mills the program checks all clearances in the cluster and determines the correct side support spacer set or setting to be used, based upon current roll sizes in the mill. The program also gives correct passline settings for Z-High mills and for 4-High and 2-High mills

Gauge Charts & Statistical Gauge Analysis

Using an interface (such as an RS-232C link) between mill management computer and AGC system or thickness gauges, successive gauge values during a pass are transmitted to the Mill Management computer and stored on the computer's hard disc, in the form of coil report files.

After rolling of the coil, SPC (Statistical Process Control) analysis can then be done if desired either by operator selection using the above menu, or automatically. This analysis is done by the Mill Management software and printed out as a coil report.

The exact SPC analysis method can be customized to your requirements, or a standardized program supplied. SPC analysis can also be done on incoming coils.

If desired, the coil report files can be transferred to a remote computer using an ethernet connection and the SPC analysis and print out of coil reports done on this machine rather than on the Mill Management Computer.

Viewing & Storage of Schedules

The operator is given the option of storing schedules during operation of the mill management program so that he can subsequently recall any schedule he needs to use. The number of schedules that can be stored is virtually unlimited (over 1000).

In general, schedule storage is only needed in the first few weeks after startup of the MMS. Once the operating parameters have been defined correctly, it should no longer be necessary to store & recall schedules.

To check if any particular schedule has been rolled before the operator selects "viewing of stored schedules" while the menu is displayed, and the schedules can then be viewed according to the material, and the desired schedule selected when running the Mill Management program. Note that if a schedule is recalled and displayed, and the operator misses a gauge on any pass, the Mill Management computer will reschedule the remaining passes as required. The Windows version provides for automatic sorting of stored schedules.

On Line Operation - Integration with Other Systems

Without the interfaces, although the MMS Computer display informs the operator the correct settings, he has to set the values manually on the respective system. This makes more work for the operator, so is not too effective. For this reason, nearly all systems today are "on-line".

For on-line operation interfaces are provided (such as RS 232C links) between the MMS computer and the AGC system and mill drive system, the MMS computer operates "on-line" and can provide the function of supervising the entire mill operation. It will then send command signals:

  •  to AGC system to set the gauge on each pass
  •  to mill drive system to set the speed and tensions on every pass

It will also plot gauge deviation charts and store raw gauge data in the form of coil report files.

It is also possible for the system to adapt itself to the characteristics of the material being rolled in order to refine the optimization. If mill power, RSF, speed and tension values can be obtained by the system (for example via analog or serial interface from the mill drive system) the system will compare these with theoretical values and update the resistance to deformation curve for the material being rolled accordingly.

Such adaptation, in order to avoid the effects of short term scatter, is performed slowly, with measurements averaged over a large number of coils. It is also possible to provide for supervision by not updating the curve until the MMS supervisor approves.

The MMS computer would also normally sense when the operator changes mill direction on the mill desk, and will advance the pass accordingly (i.e. set thickness gauges, and send new speed and tension values to the mill drive system).

For digital drive systems serial links are usually provided between the MMS computer and the drive. For analog drive systems the MMS computer incorporates analog I/O boards, and can send the necessary reference voltages to the drive to set speed and tensions.

Network Operation

Systems have been supplied which operate on networks - this enables uploading and downloading of data to the MMS computer.

For example coil data can be entered on the production control department computer and the operator's selection of a coil number at the mill will automatically load the required data (such as material, width & gauges) into the MMS program. Furthermore, the coil report files generated by the MMS can be immediately accessed on the quality control department computer.

Because the raw gauge data (for example one value of strip thickness per meter for the entire length of the finished coil) is stored in the coil report, the optimum end trim length can be determined by quality control dept. using our SPC software. This software allows the coil ends to be "trimmed" and the gauge chart and SPC analysis to be displayed (or printed) for the "trimmed" coil.

The MMS computer can either be located on a PC network, or on a VAX network, using standard hardware and software (Pathworks) supplied by DEC.

The normal arrangement is to have a keyboard and monitor for the MMS computer located at the rolling mill. However, the keyboard and monitor can be completely eliminated in cases where the mill operator uses a single VAX terminal at the mill. In these cases, the supplier of the software for the VAX system would have to supply the software for data entry and pass schedule display (we would provide PC source code to this supplier).

Another approach is to use a PC running "WINDOWS" or "OS/2" as the operator interface for AGC or drive system, and to run the MMS software on this PC.